肉聯廠廢水的工藝比較

Process comparison of slaughterhouse wastewater 

　　3.1.1 水質、水量分析

3.1.1 Analysis of water quality and quantity

　　肉類加工工業廢水有機物含量高，廢水COD高，SS高，污水可能帶病體或病毒。

The organic content of the wastewater from the meat processing industry is high, the wastewater COD is high, the SS is high, and the sewage may carry pathogens or viruses.

　　水質特點：

Water quality characteristics:

　　1) 廢水水量變化大。

1) The amount of wastewater varies greatly. 

　　2) 水中的有機物含量高，而且含動植物油比較多，水質變化大。

2) The content of organic matter in the water is high, and it contains a lot of animal and oil, and the water quality changes greatly.

　　

3) 由于肉類加工廢水含有大量牲畜的血液，腸胃內容物質等東西，所以可能帶有病菌和病毒。

　　處理后的污水經過消毒后可以直接回用或者排放到自然水體內或者回用。

3) Since the wastewater from meat processing contains a large amount of blood, intestinal content and other substances from livestock, it may carry pathogenic bacteria and. The treated sewage can be directly reused or discharged into natural water bodies or reused after disinfection.

　　3.1.2 工藝流程的選擇

3.1.2 Selection of process flow

　　肉聯廠廢水屬于工業生產廢水，根據上節水質、水量狀況確定其處理工藝流程時候遵循以下幾個原則。

The wastewater of the meat processing plant belongs to the industrial production wastewater, and the process flow of its treatment is determined according to the water quality and quantity conditions in the previous section, following the following principles.

　　1) 應選擇占地面積小的工藝流程，從而減少污水廠的投資。

1) The process flow with small land occupation should be selected to reduce the investment of the sewage treatment plant.

　　2) 由于污水的水量、水質變化大，所以應該選擇一個對該特點廢水能比較穩定運行的流程。

2) Due to the large changes in the amount and quality of sewage, a process flow that can operate relatively stably for this type of wastewater should be selected. 

　　3) 肉聯廠比較缺少技術人員，選擇工藝上盡量選擇簡單，容易管理和維護的工藝流程。

3) The meat processing plant is relatively short of technical personnel, so the process should be as simple as possible, easy to manage and maintain. 

　　4) 采用的機械設備盡量的少，使運行簡單。

 4) The mechanical equipment used should be as little as possible to simplify the operation. 

　　5) 采用目前先進的肉聯廠廢水技術，使出水達到嚴格國家一級標準，降低對環境的危害。

5) The advanced technology of meat processing plant wastewater should be adopted to make the effluent reach the strict national first-class standard and reduce the harm to the environment.

　　6) 處理投資省，運行成本低。

6) The treatment investment is low and the operation cost is low.

　　根據以上的原則，本設計采用水解酸化—SBR法處理。

Based on the above principles, this design adopts the method of hydrolysis acidification-SBR.

　　水解酸化工藝的特點：

Characteristics of the hydrolysis acidification process:

　　1) 不需要密閉的池，不需要攪拌器，不需要水、氣、固三相分離器降低了造價和便于維護。根據這一特點可以設計出適應大、中、小型污水廠所需要的構筑物。

1) No need for a sealed tank, no need for a stirrer, no need for a three-phase separator of water, gas and solid, which reduces the cost and facilitates maintenance. According to this characteristic, it is possible to design the structures needed for large, medium, and small sewage treatment. 

　　2) 水解、產酸階段的產物主要是小分子的有機物，可生化性一般較好，故水解池可以改變原污水的可生化性，從而減少反應時間和處理的能耗。

 2) The products of the hydrolysis and acidification stages are mainly small molecular organic matter, which generally has good biodegradability, so the hydrosis tank can change the biodegradability of the original sewage, thereby reducing the reaction time and the energy consumption of the treatment. 

　　3) 由于反應控制在第二階段完成前，出水無厭氧發酵的不良氣味，改善了處理廠的環境。

3) Since the reaction is to be completed before the second stage, the effluent has no unpleasant odor of anaerobic fermentation, which improves the environment of the treatment plant.

　　4) 由于第一、二階段反應迅速，故水解池體積小，與初次沉淀池基本相當，節省基建投資，于水解池對固體有機物的降解，減少污泥量，具有消化池的功能。

 4) Since reactions of the first and second stages are rapid, the volume of the hydrolysis tank is small, basically the same as that of the primary sedimentation tank, saves construction investment. Due to the degradation of solid organic matter in the hydrolysis tank, the amount of sludge is reduced, and it has the function of digestion tank. 

　　5) 工藝僅產生很少的剩余活性污泥，實現了污水、污泥一次處理、不需要中溫消化池。

5) The process only produces a small amount of excess activated sludge, which achieves the treatment of sewage and sludge at one time, and there no need for a mesophilic digestion tank.

　　SBR是序列間歇式活性污泥法的簡稱，其有以下特點：

SBR is the abbreviation of the sequencing batch activated sludge method, which has the following characteristics

　　1) 理想的推流過程使生化反應推動力增大，效率提高，池內厭氧、好氧處于交替狀態，凈化效果好。

1) The ideal push-flow process increases the driving force of the biochemical reaction, improves efficiency, and alternates between anaerobic aerobic conditions in the tank, resulting in good purification effects.    

　　2) 運行效果穩定，污水在理想的靜止狀態下沉淀，需要時間短、效率高，出水水質好。

 2) The operation is stable, and the sewage precipitates under ideal static conditions, requiring short time and efficiency, and the effluent quality is good.

　　3) 耐沖擊負荷，池內有滯留的處理水，對污水有稀釋、緩沖作用，有效抵抗水量和有機污物的沖擊。

3) It is resistant to shock loads, and there is retained treated water in the tank, which dilutes and the sewage, effectively resisting the impact of water volume and organic pollutants.

　　4) 工藝過程中的各工序可根據水質、水量進行調整，運行靈活。

4) The various processes in the process can be adjusted according to the water quality and water volume and the operation is flexible.

　　5) 處理設備少，構造簡單，便于操作和維護管理。

5) There are few treatment devices, the structure is simple, and it is convenient to operate and maintain.

　　6) 反應池內存在DO、BOD5濃度梯度，有效控制活性污泥膨脹。

 6) There is a and BOD5 concentration gradient in the reaction tank, which effectively controls the expansion of activated sludge.

　　7) SBR法系統本身也適合于組合式構造方法，利于廢水處理廠的擴建和改造。

 7) The SBR method system itself is also suitable for construction methods, which is conducive to the expansion and transformation of wastewater treatment plants. 

　　8) 脫氮除磷，適當控制運行方式，實現好氧、缺氧、厭氧狀態交替，具有良好的脫氮除磷效果。

8) Denitrification and phosphorus removal, by properly controlling the operation mode, achieve the alternation of aerobic, hypoxic, and anaerobic conditions, has a good denitrification and phosphorus removal effect.

　　9) 工藝流程簡單、造價低。主體設備只有一個序批式間歇反應器，無二沉池、污泥回流系統，調節池、初沉池也可省略，布置緊湊、占地面積省。

9) The process flow simple and the cost is low. The main equipment is only one batch-type intermittent reactor, without a secondary sedimentation tank and a sludge return system, and the tank and primary sedimentation tank can also be omitted, with a compact layout and a small footprint.

　　SBR系統的適用范圍

Scope of application of SBR system

　　1) 中小城鎮生活污水和廠礦企業的工業廢水，尤其是間歇排放和流量變化較大的地方。

1) Domestic sewage from small and medium-sized towns and industrial wastewater from factories and mines, especially where there are intermittent discharges and large changes in flow. 

　　2) 需要較高出水水質的地方，如風景游覽區、湖泊和港灣等，不但要去除有機物，還要求出水中除磷脫氮，防止河湖富營養化。

2) Places where higher effluent quality is required, such as scenic tourist areas, lakes, and harbors, where not only organic matter needs to be removed, but also phosphorus and nitrogen removal is required to prevent eutrophication of rivers and lakes.

　　3) 水資源緊缺的地方。SBR系統可在生物處理后進行物化處理，不需要增加設施，便于水的回收利用。

3) Places where water resources are scarce. The SBR system can perform physical and chemical treatment after biological treatment without the need for additional facilities, making it convenient for water recovery and reuse. 

　　4) 用地緊張的地方。

 4) Places where land is limited. 

　　5) 對已建連續流污水處理廠的改造等。

5) The transformation of existing continuous flow sewage treatment plants, etc. 

　　6) 很適合處理小水量，間歇排放的工業廢水與分散點源污染的治理。

6) It is very suitable for the treatment of industrial wastewater with small flow rates and intermittent discharges, as well as the control of

　　工藝流程圖：

Process flow diagram: 　

　　進水——格柵——隔油池——調節池——水解酸化池——SBR反應器——清水消毒池——排放或回用

Inlet water - Grid - Oil separation tank - Regulating tank - Hydrolysis acidification tank - SBR reactor Clear water disinfection tank - Discharge or reuse

　　3.1.3 處理工藝流程說明

3.1.3 Description of the process flow

　　肉聯廠廢水經過各個生產線收集后，由格柵阻隔雜物，而后自流進調節池。在調節池內有潛水泵提升至水解酸化池。水解酸化池進行厭氧處理，污泥由水解酸化池的中上部分排出，而處理后的清水則由上面的溢流堰流出，收集后經閥門控制自流進SBR反應池內。經過SBR池的處理后上清液經閥門排到清水池中消毒，底部剩余污泥經排泥管泵到污泥泵房等待處理。消毒后的廢水直接回用或者排入自然水體。污泥由板框式壓濾機壓濾后外運。

The wastewater from the meat processing plant is collected from various production lines and then flows through a screen to block debris, and then flows into the tank. In the regulating tank, there is a submersible pump that lifts it to the hydrolysis and acidification tank. The hydrolysis and acid tank undergoes anaerobic treatment, and the sludge is discharged from the middle and upper parts of the hydrolysis and acidification tank, while the treated water flows out from the overflow weir on the top, and is collected and then flows into the SBR reaction tank through a valve. After the treatment in the S tank, the supernatant is discharged to the clear water tank for disinfection through a valve, and the remaining sludge at the bottom is pumped to the sl pump room through a sludge discharge pipe for further treatment. The disinfected wastewater is directly reused or discharged into natural water bodies. The sludge is pressed by plate and frame filter press and then transported out.

　　1) 格柵

1) Grid;

　　污水中含有大量的粗大雜物(如豬內臟屑、漂浮油脂等)，嚴重影響了后續處理。設置格柵可以將這些雜物與廢水分離，防止堵塞水泵和管道。格柵由一組相平行排列的金屬柵條和誆架組成，傾斜置于廢水流經的渠內，以攔截污水中粗大的懸浮物質，保證后續處理設施能正常運行。

The sewage contains a large amount of coarse and large sundries (such as pig offal chips, floating oil, etc.), which seriously affects the treatment. The setting of the grille can separate these sundries from the wastewater, prevent the blockage of the water pump and pipeline. The grille is composed of a of metal bars and frames arranged in parallel, which is inclined in the channel through which the wastewater flows, to intercept the coarse suspended matter in the sewage, and to that the subsequent treatment facilities can operate normally.

　　2)隔油池

2) Oil separation tank

　　肉聯廠廢水中除浮油外，還有乳化油。低溫時油脂以粘附在管壁上，增大水流阻力。此外，如果油脂過多的進入處理系統，將影響處理效果。廢水在隔油池內靜置一定時間，油粒會由于浮力上升到水面，而從廢水中分離出去。分離出來的油脂可以作為工業用油或飼料添加物。

In addition to floating oil, there is also emulsified oil in the wastewater from the meat processing plant. When the temperature is low, the adheres to the pipe wall, increasing the resistance of the water flow. Moreover, if too much oil enters the treatment system, it will affect the treatment effect. the wastewater is left to stand for a certain period of time in the oil separation tank, the oil particles will rise to the surface due to buoyancy and separate from wastewater. The separated oil can be used as industrial oil or feed additive.

　　3) 細格柵

3) Fine grid

　　為了保證處理的水質少含雜質,增設一細格柵,進一步去除懸浮物，可保證后續處理設施的正常運行和減少后續處理設施的工作量。

In order to ensure that the water quality is less contaminated, a fine grid is added to further remove suspended matter, which can ensure the normal operation of subsequent treatment facilities and reduce the workload of the subsequent treatment facilities.

　　4) 調節池

4) Regulating tank

　　由于肉類加工工業廢水的水質、水量的波動很大，這種波動對污水處理設施的正常運行和管理不利，嚴重影響處理效率。所以在進行污水處理前設置調節池，均化水質和調節水量，以使后續處理系統能在良好的環境下運行。

Due to the large fluctuation of water quality and quantity of the wastewater from the meat processing industry, this fluctuation is not conducive to the normal and management of the sewage treatment facilities, which seriously affects the treatment efficiency. Therefore, a regulating tank is set up before the sewage treatment to homogenize the water and regulate the water quantity, so that the subsequent treatment system can operate under a good environment.

　　5) 水解酸化池

5) Hydrolysis acidification tank

　　由于肉類加工工業廢水的有機物濃度很高，含SS也比較多。所以進行SBR反應前先進行水解酸化反應。經過水解酸化，可以將大量的懸浮物水解成可溶性物質，大分子降解為小分子。提高了污水的可生化性。COD去除率可達35%，BOD去除率可達20%。

Due to the high concentration of organic matter and a large amount of SS in the wastewater of the meat processing industry, hydrolysis and acidification are carried out before the SBR reaction. After hydrolysis and acidification, a large amount of suspended matter can be hydrolyzed into soluble substances, andromolecules are degraded into small molecules. The biodegradability of the wastewater is improved. The removal rate of COD can reach 35%, and the removal of BOD can reach 20%.

　　6) SBR反應池

6) SBR reactor;

　　SBR池內預先培養馴化一定量的活性污泥微生物(活性污泥)，當廢水進入反應器與活性污泥混合接觸并有氧存在時，微生物利用廢水中的有機物進行新陳代謝，將有機污染物轉化為CO2和水等無機物，同時微生物細胞繁殖，然后將微生物細胞物質(活性污泥)與水沉淀分離，廢水得到處理。

A certain amount of activated sludge microorganisms (activated sludge) are pre-cultured and domesticated in the SBR tank. When wastewater enters the reactor and mixes with the activated sludge in the presence of oxygen, the microorganisms use the organic matter in the wastewater for metabolism, converting organic pollutants inorganic substances such as CO2 and water, while the microbial cells reproduce. Then, the microbial cell material (activated sludge) is separated from the water by, and the wastewater is treated.

　　7) 清水池(消毒池)

7) Clear water tank (disinfection tank)

　　由于肉類加工工業廢水里含有有害細菌和病毒，所以出水前得經過加氯消毒處理。使出水達到細菌學指標。減少對人體的危害。

Since the wastewater from the meat processing industry contains harmful bacteria and viruses, it must be disinfected with chlorine before discharge to meet the bacteriological standards reduce the harm to human health.

　　8) 污泥脫水間

8) Sludge dewatering room

　　由于肉聯廠廢水也會產生不少污泥，所以產生的污泥先進行壓濾，以減少占地面積和方便外運填埋。

Since the wastewater from the slaughterhouse also produces a considerable amount of sludge, the generated sludge is first pressed to reduce the land area and facilitate-site disposal.